Perceptions of client stories in internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy: A mixed-methods evaluation

Heather D Hadjistavropoulos; Taylor G Hill; Aaron E Philipp-Muller; Blake Dear; Nick Titov

doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100692

Perceptions of client stories in internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy: A mixed-methods evaluation

Internet Interv. 2023 Nov 25:34:100692. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100692. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Authors

Heather D Hadjistavropoulos^{1

2}, Taylor G Hill^{1

3

4

2}, Aaron E Philipp-Muller^{1

2}, Blake Dear⁵, Nick Titov⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Canada.
² Online Therapy Unit, University of Regina, Regina, Canada.
³ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada.
⁴ Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada.
⁵ Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

Abstract

Internet-delivered Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (ICBT) aims to support people with mental health concerns using online treatment materials. Client stories (either real or a composite based on many clients) are often used in ICBT to facilitate learning. However, these stories remain understudied in terms of how they are perceived by clients, as well as their relationship to ICBT engagement, satisfaction, and outcomes. Among a sample of 324 clients enrolled in transdiagnostic ICBT targeting symptoms of depression and anxiety, we examined client perceptions of stories through mixed-method qualitative (open-ended) and quantitative (closed-ended) data collection. Specifically, 234 (72.22 %) clients responded to questions about stories at 4 weeks and 221 (68.21 %) responded to questions at 8 weeks. Most clients who responded to questions endorsed reviewing at least some stories (79.06 % at 4 weeks, 71.95 % at 8 weeks). Moreover, they rated stories positively in terms of being relatable, making clients feel less alone, increasing knowledge, providing ideas for how to use skills, and motivating clients to use skills. These perceptions of stories remained stable over the course of treatment. Stories were perceived more positively among those with lower symptom severity at 8 weeks as well as those who were more satisfied with ICBT at 8 weeks. Story perceptions at 4 weeks were predictive of decreased post-treatment anxiety symptom severity but not depression while controlling for baseline scores, age, and education. 26.49 % of clients at 4 weeks who reviewed stories and 33.33 % at 8 weeks provided suggestions about how to improve stories. In a qualitative analysis, we found 5 categories of suggestions including increasing the variety of issues and relatability of stories, ensuring the stories are realistic, refining the formatting, and making the stories shorter. Overall, this study provides insights into how client stories could be improved to play a more significant role in future ICBT programs.

Keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy; Mixed-methods; Narratives; Stories.