The intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of bone level measurements at strategic mini-implants using dental panoramic radiography

Abstract

Objectives: This experimental study focused on the intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of vertical bone level (VBL) measurements at strategic mini-implants (MI) using digital panoramic radiographs (PR).

Study design: VBLs of 152 MIs for removable partial denture stabilization at 50 randomly chosen PRs from a clinical trial were digitally evaluated by three ratters. Rater deviations exceeding 0.5 mm were re-examined. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied to estimate reliability. The smallest detectable change (SDC) was interrelated to the minimal clinically important change of 0.2 mm.

Results: The first measurement round revealed intra- and inter-rater ICCs of > 0.8. However, 28 sites (9 %) were unreadable, and 97 sites (32 %) revealed differences between observers of ≥ 0.5 mm. Following a consensus session and re-training, an additional 8 sites were excluded and all remaining VBL differences were ≤ 0.5 mm. Thus, the SDCs with 95 % credibility were improved from 0.73 to 0.31 mm in the intra-rater and from 1.52 to 0.34 mm in the inter-rater statistics. Given a 50 % credibility for this special setting, both the intra- and inter-rater SDCs were 0.11 mm.

Conclusions: Digital PR can be reliably utilized to determine VBLs around MIs under conditions of at least two trained observers, mutual calibration sessions, and exclusion of unquantifiable radiographs.

German clinical trials register id: DRKS00007589, www.germanctr.de.

Keywords: Alveolar bone loss; Correlation of data; Dental implants; Panoramic radiography; Reproducibility of results.