Evaluation of biogenically synthesized MgO NPs anticancer activity against breast cancer cells

Mohammad Rashid Khan; Nouf Omar Alafaleq; Arun Kumar Ramu; Khaled Alhosaini; Mohd Shahnawaz Khan; Torki A Zughaibi; Shams Tabrez

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103874

Evaluation of biogenically synthesized MgO NPs anticancer activity against breast cancer cells

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2024 Jan;31(1):103874. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103874. Epub 2023 Nov 11.

Authors

Mohammad Rashid Khan¹, Nouf Omar Alafaleq², Arun Kumar Ramu³, Khaled Alhosaini¹, Mohd Shahnawaz Khan², Torki A Zughaibi^{4

5}, Shams Tabrez^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Research and Development Cell, PRIST Deemed University, Vallam, Thanjavur, India.
⁴ King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: Magnesium is recognized to have pharmacological potential, and its nanoformulation is anticipated to offer significant therapeutic effects, particularly against cancer. In this study, we analyzed the anticancer effect of biogenically synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231).

Methods: Different biological evaluations, such as cytotoxicity, cellular morphology, induction of apoptosis, generation of ROS, cell adhesion and cellular migration were estimated using well established methodology.

Results: The biogenic MgO NPs exhibited increased cytotoxicity, induced apoptosis, enhanced formation of ROS, promoted cell adhesion and inhibited cellular migration in a dose-dependent manner, showing its therapeutic potential against MDA-MB-231 cells.

Conclusion: The current study observed strong anticancer activity of MgO NPs against studied cancer cell lines. However, our study must be validated in an appropriate animal/xenograft model to authenticate the effectiveness of MgO NPs against breast cancer.

Keywords: Anticancer; Breast cancer; Cytotoxicity; MgO NPs; Nanoparticles.