Functional and clinical characterization of a novel homozygous KCNH2 missense variant in the pore region of Kv11.1 leading to a viable but severe long-QT syndrome

Abstract

Background: Among KCNH2 missense loss of function (LOF) variants, homozygosity -at any position in the Kv11.1/hERG channel - is very rare and generally leads to intrauterine death, while heterozygous variants in the pore are responsible for severe Type 2 long-QT syndrome (LQTS). We report a novel homozygous p.Gly603Ser missense variant in the pore of Kv11.1/hERG (KCNH2 c.1807G > A) discovered in the context of a severe LQTS.

Methods: We carried out a phenotypic family study combined with a functional analysis of mutated and wild-type (WT) Kv11.1 by two-electrode voltage-clamp using the Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system.

Results: The variant resulted in a severe LQTS phenotype (very prolonged corrected QT interval, T-wave alternans, multiple Torsades de pointes) with a delayed clinical expression in later childhood in the homozygous state, and in a Type 2 LQTS phenotype in the heterozygous state. Expression of KCNH2 p.Gly603Ser cRNA alone elicited detectable current in Xenopus oocytes. Inactivation kinetics and voltage dependence of activation were not significantly affected by the variant. The macroscopic slope conductance of the variant was three-fold less compared to the WT (18.5 ± 9.01 vs 54.7 ± 17.2 μS, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: We characterized the novel p.Gly603Ser KCNH2 missense LOF variant in the pore region of Kv11.1/hERG leading to a severe but viable LQTS in the homozygous state and an attenuated Type 2 LQTS in heterozygous carriers. To our knowledge we provide the first description of a homozygous variant in the pore-forming region of Kv11.1 with a functional impact but a delayed clinical expression.

Keywords: Channelopathy; G603S; KCNH2; Kv11.1; Sudden cardiac death; hERG; long-QT syndrome; p.Gly603Ser.