Effectiveness of epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles on the in-vivo treatment of Alzheimer's disease in a rat/mouse model: a systematic review

Maha K A Khalifa; Somaia A Abdel-Sattar; Omnya M Amin; Neveen A Kohaf; Heba S Zaky; Marwa A Abd El-Fattah; Kamilia H A Mohammed; Noha M Badawi; Ihab Mansoor; Heba A Eassa

doi:10.1007/s40199-023-00494-8

Effectiveness of epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles on the in-vivo treatment of Alzheimer's disease in a rat/mouse model: a systematic review

Daru. 2023 Dec 11. doi: 10.1007/s40199-023-00494-8. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
² Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
³ Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
⁵ Narrativa, Los Angeles, CA, 90028, USA.
⁶ Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt. heassa@usj.edu.
⁷ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Physician Assistant Studies, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT, 06117, USA. heassa@usj.edu.

PMID: 38079104
DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00494-8

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disease that causes memory loss over time. Current therapies are limited and frequently inadequate. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, anti-remodeling and tissue-protective qualities that may be effective in treatment of different diseases, including AD. Because of nanoparticles' high surface area, they can enhance solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and diminish toxicities. Besides, lipid nanoparticles have a high binding affinity that can enhance the rate of drug transport across BBB. So, EGCG nanoparticles represent a promising treatment for AD.

Objectives: This systematic review sought to assess the efficacy of EGCG nanoparticles against AD in rat/mouse models.

Methods: Study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Electronic databases were searched to discover relevant studies published up to October 2022.

Results: Two studies met the inclusion criteria out of 1338 and were included in this systematic review. Collectively, the results indicate that EGCG has a significant potential for reducing AD pathology and improving cognitive deficits in rat/mouse models. The formulated particles were in the nanometer range, as indicated by TEM, with good particle size control and stability. EGCG nanoparticles showed superior pharmacokinetic characteristics and improved blood-brain barrier permeability, and increased brain bioavailability compared to free EGCG. Additionally, nanoEGCG were more effective in modulating oxidative stress than free formulation and decreased AChE in the cortex and hippocampus of AlCl3-treated rats.

Conclusion: This systematic analysis of the two studies included showed that EGCG nanoparticles are efficacious as a potential therapeutic intervention for AD in rat/mouse models. However, limited number of studies found indicates insufficient data in this research point that requires further investigation by experimental studies.

Keywords: Alzheimer's; Epigallocatechin gallate; In vivo; Nanoparticles.

Publication types

Review