Assessment of municipal solid waste from households in Khulna city of Bangladesh

A A Noman; Islam M Rafizul; S M Moniruzzaman; E Kraft; S Berner

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22446

Assessment of municipal solid waste from households in Khulna city of Bangladesh

Heliyon. 2023 Nov 28;9(12):e22446. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22446. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Authors

A A Noman^{1

2}, Islam M Rafizul¹, S M Moniruzzaman¹, E Kraft³, S Berner³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
² Institute of Disaster Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
³ Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar (BUW), Germany.

Abstract

Waste management is a major concern for both developed and developing countries, with a particular focus on household waste because it makes up a significant proportion of municipal waste. The aim of this study is to assess the state of solid waste management practice in Khulna, as well as to characterize and quantify municipal solid waste as a step toward effective management. To collect information on the existing waste management methods, structured questionnaires were used to conduct surveys of household residents. In this study, whole wards (31 wards) of Khulna City Corporation (KCC) were clustered in 9 groups and selected one ward from each group. To analyze household waste, 75 households from each ward were selected and collected waste for 7 days. The selected household was categorized into five different socioeconomic strata such as low-income, lower-middle-income, middle-income, higher-middle-income and higher-income families. Besides, the assessment was carried out on the production and characterization of household waste that was produced in KCC. The waste samples were quantified, separated and characterized in the laboratory. Results reveal that biodegradable waste is the most prominent type and its percentage is about 81 %. The amount of waste production is positively correlated with income level. The waste generation rate of households for high-income families was 0.652 kg/cap/day while this rate got almost half for a low-income family and its value is o.312 kg/cap/day. Source separation of waste plays a vital role to reduce plastic leakage to the SDP. The result shows the proportion of plastic in mixed waste and source-separated waste after sorting by the waste collector was 4.04 % and 2.99 %, respectively. Survey results show that 42.96 % of respondents think that the source-separated waste should be collected during the period of 12pm to 02pm. A proposed management process was developed for household waste based on the output of this study.

Keywords: Characterization; Household; Quantification and socioeconomic; Solid waste.