A Mini-Review of Current Treatment Approaches and Gene Therapy as Potential Interventions for Diabetes Mellitus Types 1

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic condition characterized by the loss or dysfunction of β-cells in the pancreas, resulting in insufficient insulin production. This mini-review examines current treatment approaches and explores the potential of gene therapy as interventions for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The discussed strategies include β-cell sensitization, β-cell regeneration from various cell sources, stem cell therapies, and the promotion of β-cell replication. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the pathways involved in β-cell proliferation and the factors influencing their replication. Stem cell therapies, particularly using embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, hold promise for generating β-cells and replacing damaged or lost cells. Additionally, gene therapy offers a novel approach by manipulating genes involved in insulin production and glucose metabolism. However, ethical considerations, tumorigenic risks, and the translation of these therapies into clinical trials pose challenges. Nonetheless, the ongoing research and advancements in these areas provide hope for improved management and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 1; Gene therapy; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Insulin-secreting cells; Pancreas.