Palcewska et al. first demonstrated near infrared (NIR) visual response in human volunteers upon two-photon absorption (TPA), in a seminal work of 2014, and assessed the process in terms of wavelength- and power-dependence on murine ex-vivo retinas. In the present study, ex-vivo electroretinography (ERG) is further developed to perform a complete characterization of the effect of NIR pulse duration, energy, and focal spot size on the response. The same set of measurements is successively tested on living mice. We discuss how the nonlinear intensity dependence of the photon absorption process is transferred to the amplitude of the visual response acquired by ERG. Finally, we show that the manipulation of the spectral phase of NIR pulses can be translated to predictable change in the two-photon induced response under physiological excitation conditions.
Keywords: Electroretinography; Femtosecond pulse-shaping; Rhodopsin; Two-photon absorption; Visual process.
Copyright 2022 Geoffrey Gaulier, Quentin Dietschi, Aleksa Djorovic, Luca La Volpe, Tania Rodrigues, Luigi Bonacina, Ivan Rodriguez, Jean-Pierre Wolf. License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.