Background: Persistent inflammation affects people with HIV (PWH) despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Selective serotonin and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, SNRIs), HMG-CoA reductase-inhibitors (statins), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have immuno-modulant properties. We evaluated the potential impact of these drugs on inflammation and neurodegeneration in PWH.
Methods: Cross-sectional single-center (U.S.) analysis in 184 PWH on ART with plasma HIV RNA < 200 cp/mL. All participants had 10 biomarkers measured in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To reduce dimensionality, hierarchical clustering and principal components (PCs) analysis were employed. The analyses were adjusted for duration of the drugs and and clinical conditions.
Results: Participants were mostly middle-aged men, with median CD4+ T-cells of 620/µL. In adjusted models, SSRI use was associated with three PCs: higher CSF and plasma Aβ42 and CSF CCL2 (aβ=0.14, p = 0.040); lower CSF 8-oxo-dG, total tau, and sCD14 (aβ=-0.12, p = 0.042); higher plasma sCD14 with lower sCD40L (aβ=0.15, p = 0.042). SNRI use was associated with higher values of CSF and plasma neopterin and CSF sTNFR-II (aβ=0.22, p = 0.004). Statins and ACEIs showed no association.
Conclusions: SSRIs and SNRIs had distinct biomarker signatures. SSRIs were associated with reduced neurodegeneration, immune activation and oxidative stress in CSF, suggesting a role of SSRIs as adjunctive therapy in PWH.
Keywords: ACE inhibitors; HIV; SNRIs; SSRIs; Statins; antidepressants; chronic inflammation; co-medications; immune-modulation; neurodegeneration.
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.