Fabrication and characterizations of simvastatin-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and molybdenum disulfide scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Sesha Subramanian Murugan; Pandurang Appana Dalavi; Suprith Surya; Sukumaran Anil; Sebanti Gupta; Rohan Shetty; Jayachandran Venkatesan

doi:10.1063/5.0172002

Fabrication and characterizations of simvastatin-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and molybdenum disulfide scaffold for bone tissue engineering

APL Bioeng. 2023 Dec 4;7(4):046115. doi: 10.1063/5.0172002. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Authors

Sesha Subramanian Murugan¹, Pandurang Appana Dalavi¹, Suprith Surya², Sukumaran Anil³, Sebanti Gupta¹, Rohan Shetty⁴, Jayachandran Venkatesan¹

Affiliations

¹ Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
² Advancement Surgical Skill Enhancement Division, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
³ Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
⁴ Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Abstract

Due to the limitations of the current treatment approaches of allograft and autograft techniques, treating bone disorders is a significant challenge. To address these shortcomings, a novel biomaterial composite is required. This study presents the preparation and fabrication of a novel biomaterial composite scaffold that combines poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), and simvastatin (Sim) to address the limitations of current bone grafting techniques of autograft and allograft. The fabricated scaffold of PLGA-MBG-MoS₂-Sim composites was developed using a low-cost hydraulic press and salt leaching method, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the scaffolds have a pore size between 143 and 240 μm. The protein adsorption for fabricated scaffolds was increased at 24 h. The water adsorption and retention studies showed significant results on the PLGA-MBG-MoS₂-Sim composite scaffold. The biodegradation studies of the PLGA-MBG-MoS₂-Sim composite scaffold have shown 54% after 28 days. In vitro, bioactivity evaluation utilizing simulated body fluid studies confirmed the development of bone mineral hydroxyapatite on the scaffolds, which was characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and SEM analysis. Furthermore, the PLGA-MBG-MoS₂-Sim composite scaffold is biocompatible with C3H10T1/2 cells and expresses more alkaline phosphatase and mineralization activity. Additionally, in vivo research showed that PLGA-MBG-MoS₂-Sim stimulates a higher rate of bone regeneration. These findings highlight the fabricated PLGA-MBG-MoS₂-Sim composite scaffold presents a promising solution for the limitations of current bone grafting techniques.