The impact of muscle mass and myosteatosis on mortality in critically ill patients with Sars-Cov2-related pneumonia

Abstract

Background & aims: Sars-Cov-2 pneumonia can lead to severe complications, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Low muscle quantity and quality (the latter evaluated by the amount of ectopic fat infiltration in the muscle [myosteatosis]) at ICU admission are associated with worse outcomes in critically ill patients. The purpose of the present study is to assess muscle mass and myosteatosis of paravertebral skeletal muscle, in critically ill patients with Sars-Cov2 pneumonia and its association with mortality.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in 110 critically ill patients with severe Sars-Cov-2 pneumonia that had a high - resolution chest Computerized Tomography (HR-CT) at ICU admission. We acquired CT images at the level of the thoracic 12 (T12) vertebral body and measured skeletal muscle area (SMA), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and low attenuation muscle area (LAMA). Patients were followed until ICU mortality or discharge.

Results: Patients were 59.8 ± 8.1 years old, 77% were male. Seventy-nine percent of patients were considered at nutritional risk, and 22% were obese. Average Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 17 ± 5.4, and the overall ICU mortality was 48,2% (53/110). At ICU admission, both parameters of myosteatosis were associated with higher mortality (IMAT [per 10% increase] HR: 2.01 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.27 to 3.17), P = 0.003; LAMA HR [per 10% increase]: 1.53 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.13), P = 0.012).

Conclusion: Myosteatosis as assessed by CT scans plays a relevant role as a prognostic marker in critically ill patients with Sars-Cov2 severe pneumonia.

Keywords: COVID-19; Computerized tomography; Critical care; Mortality; Muscle wasting; Myosteatosis.