Aqueous two-phase system based on benzethonium chloride and sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate for extraction and ICP-OES determination of heavy metals

Svetlana V Smirnova; Ivan V Mikheev; Vladimir V Apyari

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125504

Aqueous two-phase system based on benzethonium chloride and sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate for extraction and ICP-OES determination of heavy metals

Talanta. 2024 Mar 1:269:125504. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125504. Epub 2023 Dec 1.

Authors

Svetlana V Smirnova¹, Ivan V Mikheev², Vladimir V Apyari²

Affiliations

¹ Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia. Electronic address: sv_v_smirnova@mail.ru.
² Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia.

PMID: 38056418
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125504

Abstract

An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on benzethonium chloride (BztCl) and sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (NaDHSS) was proposed for the first time for liquid-liquid microextraction of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) followed by ICP-OES determination. The mixture of cationic and anionic surfactants, BztCl and NaDHSS, showed liquid-liquid phase separation at the molar ratio of 1:1, and the total surfactant concentration of 0.01-0.2 mol L^-1 forming ATPS that was investigated in the extraction process. The extraction efficiency for Cd(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) was nearly 100 %, and for Cu(II) - not lower than 88 % in the presence of 8-hydroxyquinoline as a complexing agent. The surfactant-rich phase containing analytes was subjected to back-extraction with 0.2 M HNO₃ before ICP-OES measurements. The preconcentration in the proposed BztCl-NaDHSS-H₂O ATPS for 30 s and the high degree of back-extraction, which was achieved in 1 min, significantly reduced the sample preparation time, matrix effects and provided low LODs in the range of 0.04-1.0 μg L^-1, the preconcentration factor was 120. The analysis of a certified reference material sample of surface water and the real samples of tap, sea, and waste water verified the method accuracy.

Keywords: Aqueous biphasic systems; Aqueous two-phase systems; Benzethonium chloride; Heavy metals; ICP-OES; Liquid-liquid microextraction.