Protein profile pattern analysis: A multifarious, in vitro diagnosis technique for universal screening

Ajaya Kumar Barik; Clint Mathew; Pavithran M Sanoop; Reena V John; Sphurti S Adigal; Sujatha Bhat; Keerthilatha M Pai; Sulatha V Bhandary; Tom Devasia; Rekha Upadhya; V B Kartha; Santhosh Chidangil

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123944

Protein profile pattern analysis: A multifarious, in vitro diagnosis technique for universal screening

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2024 Jan 1:1232:123944. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123944. Epub 2023 Dec 1.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
² Division of Microbiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
³ Department of Dental Surgery, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India.
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
⁵ Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
⁷ Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. Electronic address: santhosh.cls@manipal.edu.

PMID: 38056315
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123944

Abstract

Universal health care is attracting increased attention nowadays, because of the large increase in population all over the world, and a similar increase in life expectancy, leading to an increase in the incidence of non-communicable (various cancers, coronary diseases, neurological and old-age-related diseases) and communicable diseases/pandemics like SARS-COVID 19. This has led to an immediate need for a healthcare technology that should be cost-effective and accessible to all. A technology being considered as a possible one at present is liquid biopsy, which looks for markers in readily available samples like body fluids which can be accessed non- or minimally- invasive manner. Two approaches are being tried now towards this objective. The first involves the identification of suitable, specific markers for each condition, using established methods like various Mass Spectroscopy techniques (Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (SELDI-MS), Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI-MS), etc., immunoassays (Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA), Proximity Extension Assays, etc.) and separation methods like 2-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), Sodium Dodecyl-Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), etc. In the second approach, no attempt is made the identification of specific markers; rather an efficient separation method like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/ Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC/UPLC) is used to separate the protein markers, and a profile of the protein pattern is recorded, which is analysed by Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (MI) methods to derive characteristic patterns and use them for identifying the disease condition. The present report gives a summary of the current status of these two approaches and compares the two in the use of their suitability for universal healthcare.

Keywords: Biomarkers; HPLC-LIF; Pattern analysis; Protein profile; Universal healthcare.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Artificial Intelligence*
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Proteins*
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / methods

Substances

Proteins