Background and aim: Chemotherapy is a crucial component of cancer therapy, albeit with significant side effects. Chemotherapy either damages or inhibits the immune system; therefore, its efficacy varies according to the patient's immune state. Currently, there is no efficient model that incorporates tumor-immune-drug (TID) interactions to guide clinical medication strategies. In this study, we compared five different types of existing TID models with the aim to integrate them into a single, comprehensive model; our goal was to accurately reflect the reality of TID interactions to guide personalized cancer therapy.
Methods: We studied four different drug treatment profiles: direct function, normal distribution function, sine function, and trapezoid function. We developed a platform capable of plotting all combinations of parameter sets and their corresponding treatment efficiency scores. Subsequently, we generated 10,000 random parameter combinations for an individual case and plotted two polygon graphs using a seismic colormap to depict efficacy of treatment. Then, we developed a platform providing treatment suggestions for all stages of tumors and varying levels of self-immunity. We created polygons demonstrating successful treatments according to parameters related to tumor and immune status.
Results: The trapezoid drug treatment function achieved the best inhibitory effect on the tumor cell density. The treatment can be optimized with a high score indicating that the drug delivery interval had exceeded a specific value. More efficient parameter combinations existed when the immunity was strong compared to when it was weak, thus indicating that increasing the patient's self-immunity can make treatment much more effective.
Conclusions: In summary, we created a comprehensive model that can provide quantitative recommendations for a gentle, yet efficient, treatment customized according to the individual's tumor and immune system characteristics.
Keywords: dynamic analysis; immune response; mathematical modeling; personalized cancer therapy; tumor-immune-drug system interaction.