Background: Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy, historically characterized with a poor prognosis and few treatment options. The advent of target therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, as well as immunotherapy, changed this scenario and improved the prognosis of patients with BRAF V600E mutation. These therapies are generally well tolerated. Neurological toxicities, especially polyradiculopathy, are very rare with BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors although some cases have been described in recent years, regardless of the type of target therapies combination used.
Case report: We report the case of a patient with BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic melanoma treated with dabrafenib and trametinib who has developed a demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.
Conclusion: This case, once more, should draw our attention to the possibility of rare, but potentially serious side effects, even in the case of generally well-tolerated treatments. Especially in the presence of side effects, it is important a close relationship between clinicians and patients for the management of adverse events and the choice of the best treatment strategy.
Keywords: Dabrafenib; melanoma; neurological toxicity; polyradiculoneuropathy; target therapy; trametinib.