PKM2, also known as M2-type pyruvate kinase, has attracted significant attention due to its crucial role in glycolysis and its abnormal expression in various tumors. With the discovery of PKM2's non-metabolic functions, the transition between its pyruvate kinase activity (in the tetrameric form in the cytoplasm) and protein kinase activity (in the dimeric form in the nucleus) has once again made PKM2 a target of interest in cancer research. Studies have shown that PKM2 is a protein susceptible to various post-translational modifications, and different post-translational modifications play important regulatory roles in processes such as PKM2 cellular localization, structure, and enzyme activity conversion. In this review, we focused on the recent progress of multiple post-translational modifications of PKM2 and their important roles in tumor initiation and development. For example, phosphorylation and acetylation promote nuclear translocation by altering PKM2 cell localization; glycosylation and ubiquitination can promote the formation of dimer structure by affecting the structural transformation of PKM2; succinylation and redox modification promoted the enhancement of PKM2 kinase activity by affecting the transformation of kinase activity. Both changes affect the structure and cell localization of PKM2 and they play a role in promoting or inhibiting tumor development via altering its kinase activity.
PKM2，即M2型丙酮酸激酶，因其在糖酵解中的关键作用及在多种肿瘤中的异常表达而备受关注。随着PKM2非代谢功能的发现，PKM2的丙酮酸激酶活性(在细胞质中以四聚体形式存在)和蛋白激酶活性(在细胞核中以二聚体形式存在)之间的切换再次使PKM2成为肿瘤研究的焦点。研究表明，PKM2是一种容易受多种翻译后修饰影响的蛋白质，而不同翻译后修饰对PKM2的细胞定位、结构及激酶活性转换等过程均具有重要的调节作用。PKM2多种翻译后修饰在肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。如磷酸化及乙酰化修饰通过改变PKM2细胞定位促进核易位；糖基化、泛素化修饰通过影响PKM2结构转变促进其二聚体结构的形成；琥珀酰化及氧化还原修饰等通过影响激酶活性转变促进PKM2蛋白激酶活性的增强。无论是影响PKM2的结构还是转变细胞定位，都是通过改变其激酶活性来发挥促进或抑制肿瘤发展的作用。.
Keywords: M2-type pyruvate kinase; protein kinase activity; protein post-translational modification; pyruvate kinase activity; tumor.