"It changed everything we do": A mixed methods study of youth and parent experiences with a pilot exercise education intervention following new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes

Molly L Tanenbaum; Ananta Addala; Sarah Hanes; Victor Ritter; Franziska K Bishop; Ana L Cortes; Erica Pang; Korey K Hood; David M Maahs; Dessi P Zaharieva; 4T Study Group

doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108651

"It changed everything we do": A mixed methods study of youth and parent experiences with a pilot exercise education intervention following new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes

J Diabetes Complications. 2024 Jan;38(1):108651. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108651. Epub 2023 Nov 24.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: mollyt@stanford.edu.
² Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: aaddala@stanford.edu.
³ Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: sjhanes@stanford.edu.
⁴ Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: vritter@stanford.edu.
⁵ Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: fbishop@stanford.edu.
⁶ Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: acortes@stanford.edu.
⁷ Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: epang1@stanford.edu.
⁸ Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: kkhood@stanford.edu.
⁹ Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: dmaahs@stanford.edu.
¹⁰ Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: dessi@stanford.edu.

PMID: 38043358
PMCID: PMC10843536 (available on 2025-01-01)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108651

Abstract

Aims: This pilot study delivered a comprehensive exercise education intervention to youth with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parents to increase knowledge and confidence with physical activity (PA) shortly after diagnosis.

Methods: Youth initiated continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and PA trackers within 1 month of diagnosis. Youth and their parents received the 4-session intervention over 12 months. Participants completed self-report questionnaires at baseline, 6- and 12-months. Surveys were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups explored experiences with the exercise education intervention. Groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis.

Results: A total of 16 parents (aged 46 ± 7 years; 88 % female; 67 % non-Hispanic White) and 17 youth (aged 14 ± 2 years; 41 % female; 65 % non-Hispanic White) participated. Worry about hypoglycemia did not worsen throughout the study duration. Parents and youth reported increased knowledge and confidence in managing T1D safely and preventing hypoglycemia during PA following receiving the tailored exercise education intervention.

Conclusion: This study assessed a novel structured exercise education program for youth and their parents shortly following T1D diagnosis. These results support the broad translation and acceptability of a structured exercise education program in new-onset T1D.

Keywords: Activity trackers; Continuous glucose monitoring; Exercise; Pediatrics; Type 1 diabetes.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Blood Glucose
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / diagnosis
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / therapy
Exercise
Female
Humans
Hypoglycemia* / prevention & control
Male
Parents
Pilot Projects

Substances

Blood Glucose

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding