Objective.Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is commonly used to manage heart failure with dyssynchronous ventricular contraction. CRT pacing resynchronizes the ventricular contraction, while AAI (single-chamber atrial) pacing does not affect the dyssynchronous function. This study compared waveform characteristics during CRT and AAI pacing at similar pacing rates using seismocardiogram (SCG) and gyrocardiogram (GCG), collectively known as mechanocardiogram (MCG).Approach.We included 10 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and previously implanted CRT pacemakers. ECG and MCG recordings were taken during AAI and CRT pacing at a heart rate of 80 bpm. Waveform characteristics, including energy, vertical range (amplitude) during systole and early diastole, electromechanical systole (QS2) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET), were derived by considering 6 MCG axes and 3 MCG vectors across frequency ranges of >1 Hz, 20-90 Hz, 6-90 Hz and 1-20 Hz.Main results.Significant differences were observed between CRT and AAI pacing. CRT pacing consistently exhibited higher energy and vertical range during systole compared to AAI pacing (p< 0.05). However, QS2, LVET and waveform characteristics around aortic valve closure did not differ between the pacing modes. Optimal differences were observed in SCG-Y, GCG-X, and GCG-Y axes within the frequency range of 6-90 Hz.Significance.The results demonstrate significant differences in MCG waveforms, reflecting improved mechanical cardiac function during CRT. This information has potential implications for predicting the clinical response to CRT. Further research is needed to explore the differences in signal characteristics between responders and non-responders to CRT.
Keywords: accelerometer; gyroscope; heart failure; resynchronization therapy; smartphone.
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