Role of age, menopausal status, and symptoms in midlife women: Examination of sleep patterns and rest-activity circadian rhythms

Abstract

Background: Midlife women experience menopausal transition at different ages with a variety of symptoms. This study aimed to identify the effects of age, menopausal status, and symptoms in women on their actigraphy-based sleep patterns and circadian rhythms.

Methods: A total of 87 women aged 45-60 from the community and a gynecology clinic in Taiwan who had their sleep and circadian rhythms recorded with a 7-day actigraphy were analyzed. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association of age, menopausal status, and symptoms with sleep parameters and circadian rhythms.

Results: A sleep efficiency below 85 % was observed in 46.0 % of women, and those with severe somatic-vegetative or psychological symptoms tended to have problems with sleep latency (β = 0.22 and β = 0.42, respectively) and efficiency (β = -0.26 and β = -0.36, respectively). Women with more severe urogenital symptoms only experienced significantly longer sleep latency (β = 0.33). There was a weak correlation between circadian rhythms and symptoms. Additionally, perimenopausal (β = 0.30 and β = 0.35, respectively) and late postmenopausal (β = 0.67 and β = 0.59, respectively) women had higher relative amplitude and stability in circadian rhythms than premenopausal women. Age had no significant effect on sleep parameters or circadian rhythms.

Conclusions: Premenopausal women had the most unstable day-to-day rhythms compared to their peri- and postmenopausal counterparts. Women with higher somatic-vegetative, psychological, and urogenital symptoms showed greater sleep problems. Psychological symptoms (e.g., depression, irritability, anxiety, exhaustion) were the strongest predictors for all sleep parameters. The mechanisms underlying these associations warrant investigation.

Keywords: Actigraphy; Circadian rhythm; Menopause; Midlife; Sleep; Women.