Highly cyto- and immune compatible new synthetic fluorapatite nanomaterials co-doped with rubidium(I) and europium(III) ions

Abstract

In the present study, biocompatible luminescent of nanosized fluorapatite doped with rubidium(I) (Rb⁺ ion) and europium(III) (Eu³⁺ ion) ions were synthesized via hydrothermal method. It was investigated the influence of co-doped Rb⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions on the structural, and morphological characteristics of the obtained fluorapatite materials. The characterization techniques utilized included: X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, to establish the influence of the co-doped Rb⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions on the luminescence properties of the lanthanide ion, emission excitation, emission spectrum and luminescence decays were measured. This confirmed a distinct red emission originating from Eu³⁺ ions and an increased emission lifetime. To determine the biocompatibility of the obtained fluorapatite compounds, in vitro studies using normal dermal human fibroblasts were performed. The results of these studies clearly demonstrate the remarkable biocompatibility of our compounds. This discovery opens exciting prospects for the use of synthetic fluorapatites doped with Eu³⁺ and Rb⁺ ions in various biomedical contexts. In particular, these materials hold great promise for potential applications in regenerative engineering, but also serve as innovative and practical solutions as bone scaffolds and dental implants containing nano-fluorapatite. Further discussion of these properties can be found in this article, along with a discussion of their importance and potential in the field of biomedical applications. However, according to our pervious study and based on our current investigations but also based on available scientific records, it was proposed potential molecular mechanism of Rb⁺ ions in the process of osteoclastogenesis.

Keywords: Eu(3+), Rb(+) ions-doping; Nano-fluorapatite; Regenerative medicine; Tissue engineering.