Chemical and Biochemical Features of Spinasterol and Schottenol

Farid Khallouki; Mohamed Ksila; Imen Ghzaiel; Soukaina Essadek; Mounia Tahri Joutey; Samah Maaloul; Wafa Zennouhi; Laila Benbacer; Mohamed Bourhia; Lhoussain Hajji; Amira Zarrouk; Leila Rezig; Sandrine Rup-Jacques; Raoudha Abdellaoui; Taoufik Ghrairi; Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki; Boubker Nasser; Pierre Andreoletti; Mustapha-Cherkaoui-Malki; Mohammad Samadi; Anne Vejux; Gérard Lizard

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_3

Chemical and Biochemical Features of Spinasterol and Schottenol

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024:1440:45-55. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_3.

Authors

Farid Khallouki^{1

2}, Mohamed Ksila^{3

4}, Imen Ghzaiel^{3

5}, Soukaina Essadek^{3

6}, Mounia Tahri Joutey^{3

6}, Samah Maaloul^{3

7}, Wafa Zennouhi¹, Laila Benbacer⁸, Mohamed Bourhia⁹, Lhoussain Hajji², Amira Zarrouk⁵, Leila Rezig^{10

11}, Sandrine Rup-Jacques¹², Raoudha Abdellaoui⁷, Taoufik Ghrairi⁴, Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki⁴, Boubker Nasser⁶, Pierre Andreoletti³, Mustapha-Cherkaoui-Malki³, Mohammad Samadi¹², Anne Vejux³, Gérard Lizard¹³

Affiliations

¹ Biology Department, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia, Morocco.
² Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco.
³ Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France.
⁴ Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
⁵ Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
⁶ Laboratory of Biochimistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco.
⁷ Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
⁸ Unité de Biologie et Recherches Moléculaires, Département Sciences du Vivant, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco.
⁹ Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco.
¹⁰ LIP-MB 'Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules', National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, LR11ES26, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
¹¹ High Institute of Food Industries, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
¹² Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, Metz, France.
¹³ Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France. gerard.lizard@u-bourgogne.fr.

PMID: 38036874
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_3

Abstract

Phytosterols, which are produced in plants, are structurally similar to cholesterol. Their basic structures consist of a cyclo pentano-perhydrophenanthrene nucleus composed of 3 hexane rings and of a pentane ring with an alkyl side chain. There are around more than 250 phytosterols and related compounds that have been identified in natural resources. Among them, spinasterol and schottenol, its dihydro analog, are often found in seeds, and consequently in seed oils, and in other botanical parts of some plant families such as Sapotaceae, Cactaceae, and Cucurbitaceae. Spinasterol and/or schottenol has been identified in dietary and cosmetic argan oil, milk thistle seed oil, nigella seed oil, and pumkin seed oil. These phytosterols that have several bioactive properties make them potentially attractive molecules in pharmacology. Their chemical and biochemical features are summarized and the analytical methods used to characterize and analyze these compounds are presented.

Keywords: Phytosterols; Schottenol; Seed oils; Spinasterol; Δ7-sterols.

MeSH terms

Fatty Acids
Phytosterols*
Plant Oils*

Substances

Nigella sativa oil
stigmast-7-enol
spinasterol
milk-thistle extract
Plant Oils
Phytosterols
Fatty Acids