The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in node negative colorectal cancer with or without perineural invasion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Purpose: It was aimed at assessing the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for patients with node-negative colorectal cancer (CRC) either with or without perineural invasion (PNI).

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from database inception through October 1, 2023. Survival outcomes were analyzed using hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Heterogeneity for the descriptive meta-analyses was quantified using the I² statistic.

Results: Ten studies included in this review. ACT improved overall survival (OS) (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.40-0.69) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.82) in PNI + patients but did not affect DFS (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.72-1.77) in PNI- patients. A disease-specific survival (DSS) benefit with chemotherapy was observed in PNI + (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58-0.99) and PNI- patients (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.57-1.00). And PNI decreased DFS (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.52-2.47) and OS (HR 1.75, 95% CI 0.96-3.17) in node-negative CRC.

Conclusions: In conclusion, chemotherapy appears most beneficial for survival outcomes in node-negative patients with PNI, but may also confer some advantage in those without PNI.

Systematic review registration: Identifier INPLASY2021120103.

Keywords: adjuvant chemotherapy; colorectal cancer; node negative; perineural invasion; retrospective cohort.