An Integrative Review: Evaluating the Risks, Benefits, and Efficacy of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in Treating ARDS Secondary to COVID-19

Abstract

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, there are ongoing concerns about its associated risks and benefits, making a comprehensive understanding vital for clinical decision-making. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy, risks, and practical implications of ECMO as a therapeutic intervention in severe ARDS secondary to COVID-19. The results indicate that ECMO is a key therapeutic intervention for managing severe COVID-19, but due to its associated risks and resource constraints, its application needs careful consideration. Nurse practitioners need to acquire specialized skills to manage ECMO and stay updated with ongoing research and revised protocols. Given the potential for future virus mutations or pandemics, and finite resources, a multidisciplinary approach to ECMO therapy is necessary. Careful patient selection, strategic resource allocation, and continuous education are pivotal elements for improved patient outcomes.