Is moderate resistance training adequate for older adults with sarcopenia? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs

Yu Chang Chen; Wang-Chun Chen; Chia-Wei Liu; Wei-Yu Huang; ICheng Lu; Chi Wei Lin; Ru Yi Huang; Jung Sheng Chen; Chi Hsien Huang

doi:10.1186/s11556-023-00333-4

Is moderate resistance training adequate for older adults with sarcopenia? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2023 Nov 29;20(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s11556-023-00333-4.

Authors

Yu Chang Chen^#¹, Wang-Chun Chen^#^{2

3}, Chia-Wei Liu¹, Wei-Yu Huang¹, ICheng Lu^{1

4}, Chi Wei Lin^{1

4}, Ru Yi Huang^{1

4

5}, Jung Sheng Chen⁶, Chi Hsien Huang^{7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
² Department of Pharmacy, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
⁴ School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
⁵ Data Science Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia sinica, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da'an District, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
⁶ Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan. ed103520@edah.org.tw.
⁸ School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan. ed103520@edah.org.tw.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: Resistance training (RT) and nutritional supplementation are recommended for the management of sarcopenia in older adults. However, optimal RT intensity for the treatment of sarcopenia has not been well investigated.

Methods: This network meta-analysis aims to determine the comparative effectiveness of interventions for sarcopenia, taking RT intensity into consideration. RT intensity was classified into light-to-moderate intensity RT(LMRT), moderate intensity RT(MRT), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity RT(MVRT) based on percentage of one repetition maximum (%1RM) and/or rating of perceived exertion.

Results: A total of 50 RCTs (N = 4,085) were included after screening 3,485 articles. The results confirmed that RT with or without nutrition was positively associated with improved measures of muscle strength and physical performance. Regarding RT intensity, LMRT only demonstrated positive effects on hand grip (aerobic training + LMRT + nutrition: mean difference [MD] = 2.88; 95% credential intervals [CrI] = 0.43,5.32). MRT provided benefits on improvement in the 30-s chair stand test (repetitions) (MRT: MD = 2.98, 95% CrI = 0.35,5.59), timed up and go test (MRT: MD = -1.74, 95% CrI: = -3.34,-0.56), hand grip (MRT: MD = 2.44; 95% CrI = 0.03,5.70), and leg press (MRT: MD = 8.36; 95% CrI = 1.87,13.4). MVRT also improved chair stand test repetitions (MVRT: MD = 5.64, 95% CrI = 0.14,11.4), gait speed (MVRT + nutrition: MD = 0.21, 95% CrI = 0.003,0.48), appendicular skeletal muscle index (MVRT + nutrition: MD = 0.25, 95% CrI = 0.01,0.5), and leg press (MVRT: MD = 14.7, 95% CrI: 5.96,22.4; MVRT + nutrition: MD = 17.8, 95% CrI: 7.55,28.6).

Conclusion: MVRT had greater benefits on muscle mass, lower extremity strength, and physical performance compared to MRT. Increasing RT intensity may be recommended for sarcopenic older adults.

Keywords: Network meta-analysis; Resistance training intensity; Sarcopenia.

Publication types

Review