In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, Chlorhexidine, Sodium Fluoride, and Hydrogen Peroxide for Acrylic Resin Disinfection

Farhad Sobouti; Sepideh Dadgar; Aysan Salehi; Nika Rezaei Kalantari; Mehdi Aryana; Hamid Reza Goli; Mohadeseh Heidari

doi:10.34172/jlms.2023.52

In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, Chlorhexidine, Sodium Fluoride, and Hydrogen Peroxide for Acrylic Resin Disinfection

J Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Nov 4:14:e52. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2023.52. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Farhad Sobouti^{1

2}, Sepideh Dadgar^{1

2}, Aysan Salehi³, Nika Rezaei Kalantari¹, Mehdi Aryana⁴, Hamid Reza Goli⁵, Mohadeseh Heidari⁶

Affiliations

¹ Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
² Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
³ School of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
⁴ Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
⁵ Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
⁶ Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Plaque accumulation on the surface of removable orthodontic appliances could lead to dental caries, periodontitis, and fungal infections. This study evaluated the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium fluoride (NaF), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) for the disinfection of acrylic resin. Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 100 acrylic resin specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n=20 each): Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Each group was immersed separately in 5 mL of microbial suspension. They were then incubated until biofilm formation on their surface. Of each microorganism, one biofilm sample in phosphate-buffered saline was considered as negative control, and other biofilm samples (n=80) were subjected to aPDT with curcumin, 0.12% CHX (positive control), 1% H₂O₂, and 0.2% NaF. Finally, the number of colonies was counted. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, two-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni adjustment at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The interaction effect of the treatment modality and type of microorganism was significant on the microbial count (effect size: 0.91, P<0.05). Maximum bacterial proliferation was noted in the following combinations: NaF/E. faecalis, H₂O₂/E. faecalis, and H₂O₂/S. salivarius. Microorganisms had no or insignificant growth and proliferation in the aPDT and CHX groups. Conclusion: The results supported the optimal antimicrobial efficacy of PDT which was comparable to that of CHX. aPDT showed superior antimicrobial efficacy to NaF and H₂O₂ for the disinfection of acrylic resin.

Keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Enterococcus faecalis; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus salivarius; Streptococcus sanguinis.