Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of organic dyes in real water samples using zirconium (IV)-based metal-organic frameworks UiO-66-NH2 as an adsorbent

Abdeslam Assafi; Youssef Aoulad El Hadj Ali; Rasmiah S Almufarij; Lamia Hejji; Nadeem Raza; Luis Pérez Villarejo; Badredine Souhail; Abdelmonaim Azzouz; Ehab A Abdelrahman

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22001

Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of organic dyes in real water samples using zirconium (IV)-based metal-organic frameworks UiO-66-NH₂ as an adsorbent

Heliyon. 2023 Nov 8;9(11):e22001. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22001. eCollection 2023 Nov.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tetouan, Morocco.
² Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Linares, University of Jaén, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Cinturón Sur s/n, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt.

Abstract

The utilization of dye adsorption through metal-organic frameworks represents an eco-friendly and highly effective approach in real water treatment. Here, ultrasound assisted adsorption approach was employed for the remediation of three dyes including methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and congo red (CR) from real water samples using zirconium(IV)-based adsorbent (UiO-66-NH₂). The adsorbent was characterized for structural, elemental, thermal and morphological features through XRD, XPS, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, BET , and Raman spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of adsorbent to uptake the pollutants in aqueous solutions was investigated under different experimental conditions such as amount of UiO-66-NH₂ at various contact durations, temperatures, pH levels, and initial dye loading amounts. The maximum removal of dyes under optimal conditions was found to be 938, 587, and 623 mg g^-1 towardMB, MG, and CR, respectively. The adsorption of the studied dyes on the adsorbent surface was found to be a monolayer and endothermic process. The probable mechanism for the adsorption was chemisorption and follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. From the findings of regeneration studies, it was deduced that the adsorbent can be effectively used for three consecutive cycles without any momentous loss in its adsorption efficacy. Furthermore, UiO-66-NH₂ with ultrasound-assisted adsorption might help to safeguard the environment and to develop new strategies for sustainability of natural resources.

Keywords: Adsorption kinetics; Dyes pollutants; Environmental safety; Metal-organic frameworks; UiO-66-NH2; Ultrasound assisted adsorption.