Effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance, antioxidant status, inflammatory response and resistance to hypoxic stress in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Front Immunol. 2023 Nov 3:14:1265963. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265963. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory factors, and hypoxic stress in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Diets were supplemented with different doses of SB at 0 (SB0), 0.5 (SB1), 1.0 (SB2) and 2.0 (SB3) g/kg. The hypoxic stress experiment was performed after 56 days of culture. The results showed that compared with the SB0 group, the final body weight, weight gain rate and protein deposition rate of the SB3 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while FCR was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The contents of dry matter, crude lipids, and ash in the SB2 group were significantly higher than those in the SB0 group (P<0.05). The urea level was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the glucose content was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the SB supplement group. Compared with the SB0 group, the SB2 group had significant reductions in the levels of serum triglyceride, cholesterol, elevated-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (P<0.05), and significant reductions in the levels of liver alkaline phosphatase and malondialdehyde (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity of the SB1 group was higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the SB0 group, the mRNA expression of TLR22, MyD88, TGF-β1, IL-1β and IL-8 in the SB2 group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The cumulative mortality rate was significantly decreased in the SB2 and SB3 groups in comparison with that in the SB0 group after three hours of hypoxic stress (P<0.05). In a 56-day feeding trial, SB enhanced largemouth bass growth by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibiting TLR22-MyD88 signaling, therefore increasing cumulative mortality from hypoxic stress in largemouth bass.

Keywords: antioxidant system; hypoxic stress; inflammatory response; largemouth bass; sodium butyrate.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial, Veterinary
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antioxidants* / metabolism
  • Antioxidants* / pharmacology
  • Bass* / metabolism
  • Butyric Acid / pharmacology
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / metabolism

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Butyric Acid
  • Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31402307), the Guangdong Science and Technology Program Project (KTP20210322) and the Foshan Municipal Financial Special Fund - the Project of Jointly Building Guangdong Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration City in 2021 (Key Technology Research and Application of Standardization Cultivation of largemouth bass seed factory).