Surface defect healing in annealing from nanoporous carbons to nanoporous graphenes

Kaoru Yamazaki; Shunsuke Goto; Shunya Yoshino; Anna Gubarevich; Katsumi Yoshida; Hideki Kato; Masanori Yamamoto

doi:10.1039/d3cp04921c

Surface defect healing in annealing from nanoporous carbons to nanoporous graphenes

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2023 Dec 13;25(48):32972-32978. doi: 10.1039/d3cp04921c.

Authors

Kaoru Yamazaki¹, Shunsuke Goto², Shunya Yoshino², Anna Gubarevich³, Katsumi Yoshida³, Hideki Kato², Masanori Yamamoto^{2

4}

Affiliations

¹ RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. kaoru.yamazaki@riken.jp.
² Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
³ Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
⁴ Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan. yamamoto@mol-chem.com.

PMID: 38019669
DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04921c

Abstract

Nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials have the pronounced electrochemical stability of the seamless graphene structures developed over the 3D space. We revisited the Raman spectra of nanoporous carbons (NPCs) synthesized using θ-/γ-Al₂O₃ templates and NPGs converted from NPCs by annealing at 1800 °C to identify the type and density of defects. We found that both the NPCs and NPGs mostly consist of single-layered graphene with a few single vacancies and Stone-Wales defects. The density of vacancy defect per hexagon in the graphene sheet is estimated to be 10^-2 for NPCs, while the annealing reduced the value to 10^-3-10^-4 for NPGs. This supports the outstanding chemical and electrochemical stability of the novel porous carbon materials.