BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 3 expression is detected both on the cell membrane and in endosomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Our goal in this study was to determine to what extent a single, baseline measurement of non-stimulated PBMC TLR3-mRNA can be related to baseline GFR (b-GFR) and post-follow-up-GFR (F-up-GFR) of a kidney transplant (KT) and baseline immunosuppression. MATERIAL AND METHODS In non-stimulated PBMC we investigated averaged mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 3. A total of 133 patients were enrolled; the median of months after KT surgery was 11.4, with median F-up at 21.3 months. A favorable course (FCF) was determined if F-up-eGFR improved. An unfavorable course (UCF) was determined if F-up-eGFR was lower at the end of the observation. RESULTS The highest TLR3-mRNA expression was at b-GFR grade 3b; it was moderately higher at b-GFR grade 3a, and marginally higher at b-GFR grades 1+2. Most of the FCF group had b-GFR grade 3b, less frequent obesity, more effective immunosuppression, and much higher TLR3-mRNA (59% of cases were in the high-TLR3 area). Both delayed graft function (DGF) and TLR3-mRNA range below the median for the entire KT cohort (low-TLR3 area) had a negative association with b-GFR. The UCF group had more frequent DGFs and obesity, less effective immunosuppression, and lower TLR3-mRNA. CONCLUSIONS In patients with GFR grade 3, high levels of TLR3-mRNA are associated with improved graft efficacy. In patients with impaired graft function, low TLR3- mRNA expression reduces the likelihood of improved renal graft function.