EXTL3-Associated Immunoskeletal Dysplasia with Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities: A Lethal Phenotype

Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol. 2023 Dec;36(4):147-149. doi: 10.1089/ped.2023.0079. Epub 2023 Nov 20.

Abstract

Background: Immunoskeletal dysplasia with neurodevelopmental abnormalities (ISDNA) caused by Exostosin-Like Glycosyltransferase 3 (EXTL3) biallelic mutations is a very rare syndrome with only 16 cases reported in the literature. Skeletal dysplasia, neurodevelopmental delay, immunodeficiency, liver, and kidney cysts are the most common findings of this syndrome. Case Presentation: Here, we report on a patient who exhibited a lethal phenotype with clinical characteristics of this syndrome and had a homozygous pathogenic mutation in EXTL3 gene. Conclusions: ISDNA should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with neuro-immuno-skeletal dysplasia phenotype.

Keywords: EXTL3; immunodeficiency; liver cysts; neurodevelopmental delay; skeletal dysplasia.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes* / complications
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes* / diagnosis
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes* / genetics
  • Mutation
  • N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / genetics
  • Osteochondrodysplasias* / complications
  • Osteochondrodysplasias* / diagnosis
  • Osteochondrodysplasias* / genetics
  • Phenotype

Substances

  • EXTL3 protein, human
  • N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases