Ability of gingival crevicular fluid volume, E-cadherin, and total antioxidant capacity levels for predicting outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for periodontitis patients

Hind R Hussein; Ali A Abdulkareem; Mike R Milward; Paul R Cooper

doi:10.1111/jre.13213

Ability of gingival crevicular fluid volume, E-cadherin, and total antioxidant capacity levels for predicting outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for periodontitis patients

J Periodontal Res. 2024 Apr;59(2):289-298. doi: 10.1111/jre.13213. Epub 2023 Nov 27.

Authors

Hind R Hussein^{1

2}, Ali A Abdulkareem¹, Mike R Milward³, Paul R Cooper⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
² Al-Noor Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq.
³ School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
⁴ Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

PMID: 38009442
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13213

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the potential of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels to predict the outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for periodontitis patients.

Background: NSPT is the gold-standard treatment for periodontal pockets < 6 mm in depth, however, successful outcomes are not always guaranteed due to several factors. Periodontitis-associated tissue destruction is evidenced by the increased level of soluble E-cadherin and reduced antioxidants in oral fluids which could be used as predictors for success/failure of NSPT.

Materials and methods: Patients with periodontitis (n = 24) were included in this clinical trial and full-mouth periodontal charting was recorded for each patient. GCF samples from periodontal pockets with probing pocket depth (PPD) 4-6 mm from the interproximal surfaces of anterior and premolar teeth were obtained. These sites subsequently received NSPT and were clinically re-evaluated after 1 and 3 months. Levels of GCF E-cadherin and TAC levels were assayed using ELISA.

Results: All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly improved 3 months after completion of NSPT. These outcomes were associated with a significant decrease in E-cadherin levels and GCF volume, while TAC levels were significantly increased in samples obtained in follow-up appointments. Binary regression model analysis showed that PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin, and TAC levels could significantly (p < .05) predict the outcomes of NSPT. The cut-off points for PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin and TAC were 5 mm, 4 × 10^-3, 1267.97 pg/mL and 0.09 μmol/g, respectively.

Conclusion: NSPT improved clinical parameters along with increased antioxidants capacity and epithelial pocket lining integrity. Discrimination of favorable/unfavorable responsiveness of periodontally diseased sites to NSPT could be possible by using GCF volume, PPD, E-cadherin and TAC level assessments.

Keywords: E‐cadherin; antioxidants; clinical trial; periodontitis; subgingival scaling.

MeSH terms

Antioxidants*
Cadherins
Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Humans
Periodontal Pocket
Periodontitis*

Substances

Antioxidants
Cadherins