Microfluidic devices with a free-standing structure were printed directly on polymer films using the functional materials that form interconnected pores. The printed devices can transport fluids by capillary action in the same fashion as paper-based microfluidic devices, and they can handle much smaller sample volumes than typical paper-based devices. Detection of glucose was performed using both colorimetric and electrochemical methods, and the observed limits of detection (LOD) were similar to those obtained with paper-based microfluidic devices under comparable testing conditions. It is demonstrated that printed microfluidic devices can be fabricated using printing processes that are suitable for high-volume and low-cost production and that the integration of microfluidic channels with electrodes is straightforward with printing. Several materials that are printable and form interconnected pores are presented.
Keywords: biosensing; capillary-driven flow; microfluidic devices; porous materials; printing.