Decolorization of Textile Azo Dye via Solid-State Fermented Wheat Bran by Lasiodiplodia sp. YZH1

Ali Borham; Mohammad K Okla; Mohamed A El-Tayeb; Ahmed Gharib; Hanan Hafiz; Lei Liu; Chen Zhao; Ruqing Xie; Nannan He; Siwen Zhang; Juanjuan Wang; Xiaoqing Qian

doi:10.3390/jof9111069

Decolorization of Textile Azo Dye via Solid-State Fermented Wheat Bran by Lasiodiplodia sp. YZH1

J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Nov 1;9(11):1069. doi: 10.3390/jof9111069.

Authors

Ali Borham^{1

2

3}, Mohammad K Okla⁴, Mohamed A El-Tayeb⁴, Ahmed Gharib⁵, Hanan Hafiz⁶, Lei Liu⁷, Chen Zhao⁷, Ruqing Xie⁷, Nannan He⁷, Siwen Zhang⁷, Juanjuan Wang^{1

7}, Xiaoqing Qian^{1

7}

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
² Agriculture Products Safety and Environment, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
³ Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
⁴ Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
⁶ Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt.
⁷ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.

Abstract

Textile dyes are one of the major water pollutants released into water in various ways, posing serious hazards for both aquatic organisms and human beings. Bioremediation is a significantly promising technique for dye decolorization. In the present study, the fungal strain Lasiodiplodia sp. was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Schizophyllum for the first time. The isolated fungal strain was examined for laccase enzyme production under solid-state fermentation conditions with wheat bran (WB) using ABTS and 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol (DMP) as substrates, then the fermented wheat bran (FWB) was evaluated as a biosorbent for Congo red dye adsorption from aqueous solutions in comparison with unfermented wheat bran. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the dye removal by FWB and to analyze the interaction effects between three factors: fermentation duration, pH, and dye concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to study the changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of wheat bran before and after fermentation. An additional experiment was conducted to investigate the ability of the Lasiodiplodia sp. YZH1 to remove Congo red in the dye-containing liquid culture. The results showed that laccase was produced throughout the cultivation, reaching peak activities of ∼6.2 and 22.3 U/mL for ABTS and DMP, respectively, on the fourth day of cultivation. FWB removed 89.8% of the dye (100 mg L^-1) from the aqueous solution after 12 h of contact, whereas WB removed only 77.5%. Based on the Box-Behnken design results, FWB achieved 93.08% dye removal percentage under the conditions of 6 days of fermentation, pH 8.5, and 150 mg L^-1 of the dye concentration after 24 h. The fungal strain removed 95.3% of 150 mg L^-1 of the dye concentration after 8 days of inoculation in the dye-containing liquid culture. These findings indicate that this strain is a worthy candidate for dye removal from environmental effluents.

Keywords: Box–Behnken design; Congo red; biosorption; dye removal; solid-state fermentation; statistical optimization.

Abstract

Grants and funding