The application of biochar can improve soil fertility and benefit sustainable agricultural development and carbon neutrality simultaneously. To better understand the effects of biochar addition on nitrogen transformation and N2O emission in a coastal saline-alkali soil and its potential mechanisms, we conducted a 60-day laboratory incubation experiment with six treatments, i.e., ammonium sulfate (N 150 mg·kg-1), ammonium sulfate + 0.4% (weight/weight) biochar, ammonium sulfate + 0.6% biochar, ammonium sulfate + 0.8% biochar, ammonium sulfate + 1.6% biochar, and ammonium sulfate + 0.2% biochar and 0.2% organic fertilizer (based on equivalent N basis). The results showed that soil nitrogen transformation was mainly affected by biochar addition at the early stage of incubation. Biochar addition significantly increased the contents of nitrate and ammonium. Biochar addition significantly increased soil net nitrification rate, but the magnitude of such increases decreased with increasing biochar addition level. Similar temporal change patterns of N2O emissions were observed in all treatments, and the N2O emissions mainly occurred in the first 30 days of incubation. Compared with the CK, biochar addition significantly reduced the cumulative N2O emission, and the decrement increased with increasing biochar addition levels. In conclusion, the effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer addition on soil nitrogen transformation and N2O emission varied with the application rate. Biochar addition with a rate of 0.8% (W/W) increased soil inorganic nitrogen content and decreased soil N2O emission. It could provide theoretical basis and reference for the formulation of reasonable plans for the improvement and utilization of biochar in coastal saline-alkali soil.
生物炭在土壤培肥改良中的应用有助于农业可持续发展和碳中和目标的实现。为更好地了解生物炭对滨海盐碱土氮素转化和N2O排放的影响及其潜在机制,本研究按等氮原则,以仅添加硫酸铵(N 150 mg·kg-1,下同)为对照,设置5个处理,即硫酸铵+0.4%生物炭处理(W/W,下同)、硫酸铵+0.6%生物炭处理、硫酸铵+0.8%生物炭处理、硫酸铵+1.6%生物炭处理、硫酸铵+0.2%生物炭+0.2%有机肥处理,进行室内培养试验(60 d)。结果表明: 生物炭对土壤氮素转化的影响主要在培养前期,与对照相比,添加生物炭显著增加了滨海盐碱土的硝态氮和铵态氮含量;生物炭显著提高了土壤净硝化速率,且净硝化速率随生物炭添加量的增加而减小;各处理土壤N2O排放的动态变化趋势基本一致,且主要集中在培养前30 d;与对照相比,生物炭添加显著降低了N2O累积排放量,且降幅随添加量的增加而增大。可见,不同添加量生物炭与氮肥配施对土壤氮转化速率和N2O排放的影响不同,其中,0.8%生物炭处理不仅能显著提高土壤无机氮含量,而且能有效降低土壤N2O排放,可作为生物炭改良与培肥滨海盐碱土的最佳剂量。.
Keywords: N2O; biochar.; coastal saline-alkali soil; mineralization; nitrification.