Objective: To review the research progress in the construction strategy and application of bone/cartilage immunomodulating hydrogels.
Methods: The literature related to bone/cartilage immunomodulating hydrogels at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed and summarized from the immune response mechanism of different immune cells, the construction strategy of immunomodulating hydrogels, and their practical applications.
Results: According to the immune response mechanism of different immune cells, the biological materials with immunoregulatory effect is designed, which can regulate the immune response of the body and thus promote the regeneration of bone/cartilage tissue. Immunomodulating hydrogels have good biocompatibility, adjustability, and multifunctionality. By regulating the physical and chemical properties of hydrogel and loading factors or cells, the immune system of the body can be purposively regulated, thus forming an immune microenvironment conducive to osteochondral regeneration.
Conclusion: Immunomodulating hydrogels can promote osteochondral repair by affecting the immunomodulation process of host organs or cells. It has shown a wide application prospect in the repair of osteochondral defects. However, more data support from basic and clinical experiments is needed for this material to further advance its clinical translation process.
目的: 综述骨/软骨免疫调节水凝胶构建策略与应用的研究进展。.
方法: 广泛查阅近年国内外有关骨/软骨免疫调节水凝胶相关文献，从不同免疫细胞的免疫应答机制、免疫调节水凝胶的构建策略及其实际应用方面进行总结。.
结果: 基于不同免疫细胞的免疫应答机制，设计具有免疫调节作用的生物材料，可以调控机体免疫应答，从而促进骨/软骨组织再生。免疫调节水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性、可调节性和多功能性，通过调节水凝胶的理化性质及负载因子或细胞，可以对机体的免疫系统进行目的性调控，从而形成有利于骨软骨再生的免疫微环境。.
结论: 免疫调节水凝胶可以通过影响宿主器官或细胞的免疫调节过程，最终达到促进骨软骨修复的作用，在骨软骨缺损修复方面展现出广泛的应用前景。但该材料还需要更多基础和临床研究的数据支撑，才能进一步推进其临床转化进程。.
Keywords: Bone/cartilage tissue engineering; construction strategy; hydrogel; immunomodulation.