Effect of strengthening and weakening of abdominal and dorsal muscles on lumbar spine loads in parents of disabled children

Abstract

Pain in the lower part of the back is one of the most common chronic illnesses globally. This work aimed to determine the impact of the reinforcement of particular groups of abdominal and dorsal muscles on the loads exerted on the lumbar section of the spine in 30 mothers of children with motor disabilities. An optical Ariel Performance Analysis System recorded and processed the kinematics data of everyday activities. Tests investigating the effects of the strengthening or weakening of abdominal and dorsal muscles on loading in the lumbar section of the spine utilized the AnyBody Modelling System. Input data for the simulations included mean values of body positions, while the effects of strengthening or weakening of muscles were simulated in the muscle forces model by introducing different values for muscle physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). Simulations used decreasing or increasing PCSA values of abdominal muscles and the erector spinae. The analysis involved component and resultant force values on the lumbosacral joint (L5-S1) of the spine and intra-abdominal pressure values. The highest reduction of the resultant reaction value in L5-S1 was observed in the simulations that increased the PCSA of the transverse abdominal (TrA). Indeed, a double increase in the TrA cross-section caused a reduction of the resultant reaction in L5-S1 by 30% and the anterior-posterior and proximal-distal forces by approximately 20-30%. Increased PCSA of the erector spinae exerted higher loads on the spine. These results indicate that strengthening weakened abdominal muscles, particularly TrA, in parents of children with motor disabilities reduces lower spinal loads during daily activities.

Keywords: Abdominal muscles; Anybody Modeling System; Disabilities; Low back pain; Lumbar loads; Numerical simulations.