Continuous improvement in transportation systems and smart vehicles' appearance make new highly intensive applications. Complex applications need high-performance capabilities, real-time responses, and generate massive amounts of data to process and exchange. This presents the idea of vehicular edge computing (VEC), which is proposed to handle complex applications and satisfy smart vehicle processing requirements. VEC enables computation offloading to an edge server to reduce communication latency, execution cost and energy consumption greatly. However, offloading to another node opens up new vulnerabilities regarding security and privacy. Moreover, trust issues in such an untrustworthy environment need an effective trust management solution and incentive mechanisms to improve overall security. This will increase the computation offloading success rate and the vehicles' willingness to share their resources. Particularly given the high transportability and heterogeneity of vehicular networks, the conventional security and trust management methods are inadequate. Blockchain, the rapidly emerging trend technology, is a unique solution that can help overcome security and privacy issues and meet trust management and incentive mechanism goals. Blockchain's immutable distributed ledger, traceability, consensus validation system and smart contract features can improve vehicular network security. Although most research is focused on enhancing the performance of computation offloading algorithms, blockchain security solutions in computation offloading scenarios are not fully discussed. Thus, security and trust issues related to computation offloading in VEC environments need more consideration since supporting the new complex vehicular applications is essential. Therefore, this paper provides a review of recent surveys and studies, an overview of VEC, computation offloading and blockchain, in addition to discussing security, privacy and trust in vehicular networks and computation offloading while considering blockchain as a distributed security solution. We propose a new paradigm called blockchain edge of vehicle (BEoV) at the end, which enables several blockchain-based security services for vehicular computation offloading in particular.
Keywords: Blockchain; Edge computing; Privacy; Security; Trust; VEC; Vehicular network; computation offloading.
As transportation systems and smart vehicles become more advanced, new intensive applications are made possible. Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) has been proposed to allow vehicles with overloaded resources to delegate computations to a server located at the edge of the network, edge servers. This reduces communication latency, execution costs, and energy consumption, but introduces new security and privacy risks. Blockchain is a possible solution to improve overall security, increase the success rate of computation offloading, and increase the willingness to share free resources. Recent studies focus on improving computation offloading performance methods, but blockchain security solutions aren't discussed enough. This paper reviews recent surveys and studies, gives a background overview of computation offloading and blockchain, and discusses security, privacy and trust in vehicular networks and computation offloading while considering blockchain as a possible security solution. We're introducing a new paradigm called Blockchain Edge of Vehicle (BEoV) at the end, which allows several blockchain-based security services for vehicular computation offloading.
Copyright: © 2023 Fayi SY and Sheng Z.