Attenuating effects of Azanza garckeana fractions on glycemo-impaired-associated dyslipidemia, hepatopathy, and nephropathy

Abubakar Awwal Yusuf; Bashir Lawal; Uchenna Blessing Alozieuwa; Amos S Onikanni; Halimat Yusuf Lukman; Adewale O Fadaka; Femi Olawale; Obinna Osuji; Saidu Sani; Mayowa Solomon Owolabi; Abdulsalam H Adewuyi; Deborah H Yusuf; Gaber El-Saber Batiha; Farid S Ataya; Dalia Fouad

Attenuating effects of Azanza garckeana fractions on glycemo-impaired-associated dyslipidemia, hepatopathy, and nephropathy

Am J Transl Res. 2023 Oct 15;15(10):5997-6014. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Abubakar Awwal Yusuf¹, Bashir Lawal^{2

3}, Uchenna Blessing Alozieuwa⁴, Amos S Onikanni^{5

6}, Halimat Yusuf Lukman⁷, Adewale O Fadaka⁸, Femi Olawale⁹, Obinna Osuji¹⁰, Saidu Sani¹¹, Mayowa Solomon Owolabi¹², Abdulsalam H Adewuyi¹³, Deborah H Yusuf¹, Gaber El-Saber Batiha¹⁴, Farid S Ataya¹⁵, Dalia Fouad¹⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry, IBB University Lapai, Nigeria.
² PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Academia Sinica Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
³ Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University Abuja Bwari, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria.
⁵ Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe-Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
⁷ Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, PMB 4412, Nigeria.
⁸ Department of Biotechnology, University of The Western Cape Belleville, South Africa.
⁹ Nano Gene and Drug Delivery Group, University of Kwazulu Natal South Africa.
¹⁰ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike P.M.B 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
¹¹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo P.M.B. 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
¹² Department of Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine USA.
¹³ Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna Nigeria.
¹⁴ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
¹⁵ Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University PO Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 37969197
PMCID: PMC10641334

Abstract

Objectives: The use of medicinal plants for diabetes treatment is increasing owing to their effectiveness and safety compared to synthetic drugs. Thus, the ameliorative effects of Azanza garckeana (F. Hoffm.) fractions in diabetes-induced dyslipidemia, hepatopathy, and nephropathy in rats were evaluated in this study.

Methods: Rats with alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight (BW))-induced diabetes were randomized into different groups (n=5) and treated with the crude methanolic extract, and fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions) of A. garckeana each at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg BW) was used as a reference drug, and all treatments were administered orally daily for 6 weeks.

Results: Our data revealed that treatment with the crude extract caused a dose-dependent hypoglycemic effect of 61.32±3.45%, 76.05±3.05%, and 78.59±5.90% at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively and improved the BW of the animals. The extract also ameliorated the elevated cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with untreated control animals. The extract also reversed serum biochemical alterations in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total and direct bilirubin, urea, and uric acid that were observed in untreated diabetic rats. Interestingly, the A. garckeana fraction also exhibited significant protection against diabetes-induced dyslipidemia, hepatopathy, and nephropathy in rats, with the ethyl acetate fraction exhibiting a remarkable protective effect. The LC-MS characterisation of the active fraction identified the presence of various phenolic and flavonoid compounds that could be responsible for the bioactivity of the fraction.

Conclusion: Collectively, this study suggests the potential application of A. garckeana for effective treatment of diabetic nephropathy, with the ethyl acetate fraction of this plant representing a reserve of potential candidates for developing new drugs.

Keywords: Azanza garckeana; biochemical parameters; dyslipidemia; hepatopathy; nephropathy.