Autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue injection provides significant and prolonged clinical improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a case-series study

Arcangelo Russo; Gabriele Cortina; Vincenzo Condello; Marco Collarile; Roberto Orlandi; Riccardo Gianoli; Emanuele Giuliani; Vincenzo Madonna

doi:10.1186/s40634-023-00668-y

Autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue injection provides significant and prolonged clinical improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a case-series study

J Exp Orthop. 2023 Nov 16;10(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s40634-023-00668-y.

Authors

Arcangelo Russo¹, Gabriele Cortina², Vincenzo Condello³, Marco Collarile³, Roberto Orlandi³, Riccardo Gianoli⁴, Emanuele Giuliani⁴, Vincenzo Madonna³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopedics, Joint Prosthetic, Arthroscopic Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Humanitas Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128, Bergamo, Italy. arcangelorusso@yahoo.it.
² Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy.
³ Department of Orthopedics, Joint Prosthetic, Arthroscopic Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Humanitas Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128, Bergamo, Italy.
⁴ Engineering Department, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi, 5, 24044, Dalmine, BG, Italy.

Abstract

Purpose: Among the conservative strategies to manage patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), an innovative approach exploiting the regenerative capability of adipose tissue and its resident MSCs (Mesenchymal Stem Cells or Medicinal Signalling Cells) has been proposed with encouraging results. This study aims to demonstrate the benefits of autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MAT) injection in the conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis and whether any variables may affect the outcome. This is a case series single-centre study in which patients underwent intraarticular MAT injection without any associated procedures.

Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 49 patients (67 Knees) were included and retrospectively analysed with a mean follow-up of 34.04 ± 13.62 months (minimum 11 - maximum 59). Patients were assessed through the WOMAC and KOOS questionnaires at baseline (pre-treatment) and 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-month follow-up. A minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of at least 7.5 points for the WOMAC pain scale and 7.2 for the WOMAC function scale compared to the baseline value was used.

Results: WOMAC and KOOS scores improved after treatment compared to baseline at all follow-ups with p < 0.001. Male gender and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 2 were associated with smaller improvement in WOMAC and KOOS scores (with respect to females and to KL grade 1, respectively) up to 24 months. The percentage of patients who reach the MCID for WOMAC pain is generally lower than that of patients who reach the MCID for WOMAC function (around 80% at all time points), but it increases significantly over time. Moreover, the baseline score of the WOMAC pain and function influence the outcome. Patients with worse symptoms are more likely to reach the MCID.

Conclusions: Intra-articular knee injection of MAT for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), recalcitrant to traditional conservative treatments, proved to be effective in a high percentage of cases. The positive association between a worse pre-operative score and a better clinical response to the treatment would support the idea that intra-articular administration of MAT could be considered in patients with very symptomatic KOA in which joint-replacement surgeries are not indicated (or accepted).

Level of evidence: IV, case series.

Keywords: Cells (MSCs); Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA); Mesenchymal Stem Cells or Medicinal Signalling; Micro-fragmented Adipose Tissue (MAT); Minimal Clinical Important Difference (MCID).