Dental caries in children and vitamin D deficiency: a narrative review

Eur J Pediatr. 2024 Feb;183(2):523-528. doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-05331-3. Epub 2023 Nov 15.

Abstract

Dental caries represents one of the most prevalent health problems in childhood. Numerous studies have assessed that vitamin D deficiency is highly related to dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children. The aim of this study is to elaborate a narrative review about proposed mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency interacts with dental caries process in children. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may cause intrauterine enamel defects, and through childhood is accompanied by insufficient activity of antibacterial peptides, decreased saliva secretion, and a low level of calcium in saliva. Conclusion: In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency would increase the risk of caries in the primary and/or permanent dentition. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and dental caries is evident enough for vitamin D deficiency to be considered as a risk factor for dental caries in children. Optimal levels of vitamin D throughout pregnancy and childhood may be considered an additional preventive measure for dental caries in the primary and permanent dentition.

Keywords: Antimicrobial proteins; Children; Dental caries; Enamel defects; Salivary flow Vitamin D deficiency.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Dental Caries* / etiology
  • Dental Caries* / prevention & control
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Pregnancy
  • Risk Factors
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin D Deficiency* / complications
  • Vitamins

Substances

  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamins