Experimental Early Stimulation of Bone Tissue Neo-Formation for Critical Size Elimination Defects in the Maxillofacial Region

Nadezhda Nicolaevna Patlataya; Igor Nicolaevich Bolshakov; Anatoliy Alexandrovich Levenets; Nadezhda Nicolaevna Medvedeva; Vladimir Alexeevich Khorzhevskii; Mariya Arturovna Cherkashina

doi:10.3390/polym15214232

Experimental Early Stimulation of Bone Tissue Neo-Formation for Critical Size Elimination Defects in the Maxillofacial Region

Polymers (Basel). 2023 Oct 26;15(21):4232. doi: 10.3390/polym15214232.

Authors

Nadezhda Nicolaevna Patlataya¹, Igor Nicolaevich Bolshakov², Anatoliy Alexandrovich Levenets³, Nadezhda Nicolaevna Medvedeva⁴, Vladimir Alexeevich Khorzhevskii^{5

6}, Mariya Arturovna Cherkashina⁷

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Medicine and Biology, Moscow State Regional University, Moscow 105005, Russia.
² Department Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia.
³ Department Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia.
⁴ Department of Human Anatomy, Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia.
⁵ Department Pathological Anatomy, Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia.
⁶ Krasnoyarsk Regional Pathological and Anatomical Bureau, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia.
⁷ Pediatric Faculty, Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia.

Abstract

A biomaterial is proposed for closing extensive bone defects in the maxillofacial region. The composition of the biomaterial includes high-molecular chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronate, heparin, alginate, and inorganic nanostructured hydroxyapatite. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate morphological and histological early signs of reconstruction of a bone cavity of critical size. The studies were carried out on 84 white female rats weighing 200-250 g. The study group consisted of 84 animals in total, 40 in the experimental group and 44 in the control group. In all animals, three-walled bone defects measuring 0.5 × 0.4 × 0.5 cm³ were applied subperiosteally in the region of the angle of the lower jaw and filled in the experimental group using lyophilized gel mass of chitosan-alginate-hydroxyapatite (CH-SA-HA). In control animals, the bone cavities were filled with their own blood clots after bone trepanation and bleeding. The periods for monitoring bone regeneration were 3, 5, and 7 days and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks. The control of bone regeneration was carried out using multiple morphological and histological analyses. Results showed that the following process is an obligatory process and is accompanied by the binding and release of angiogenic implantation: the chitosan construct actively replaced early-stage defects with the formation of full-fledged new bone tissue compared to the control group. By the 7th day, morphological analysis showed that the formation of spongy bone tissue could be seen. After 2 weeks, there was a pronounced increase in bone volume (p < 0.01), and at 6 weeks after surgical intervention, the closure of the defect was 70-80%; after 8 weeks, it was 100% without violation of bone morphology with a high degree of mineralization. Thus, the use of modified chitosan after filling eliminates bone defects of critical size in the maxillofacial region, revealing early signs of bone regeneration, and serves as a promising material in reconstructive dentistry.

Keywords: bone formation; chitosan; experimental critical size bone defect; maxillofacial area; morphometry; rats.

Grants and funding

the agreement No. 2/t dated 09/13/2017/Regional State Autonomous Institution "Krasnoyarsk Regional Innovation and Technology Business Incubator" ("KRITBI") and FSBEI HE "Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Ministry Health of Russia, LLC "Bioimplant" (Krasnoyarsk)