Loco-regional chemotherapy is a strategy used to achieve more precise anticancer drug effect directly on tumor mass, while decreasing whole body exposure, which can lead to undesirable side effects. Thus, the loco-regional chemotherapy is conceptually similar to the targeted drug delivery systems for delivering chemotherapeutics to cancer cells in a certain location of the body. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a novel polymeric film containing the complex between cisplatin (cisPt) and hyaluronan (sodium salt of hyaluronic acid; NaHA) enhanced in vivo efficacy and safety of cisplatin (cisPt) by loco-regional delivery in pleural mesothelioma. Biologically, hyaluronic acid (HA) binds with the CD44 receptor, which is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed by other cancer cells. Thus, administering both cisPt and hyaluronan together as a complex loco-regionally to the tumor site could target cancer cells locally and enhance treatment safety. A slight excess of hyaluronan was required to have more than 85% cisPt complexation. In cell monolayers (2D model) the cisPt/NaHA complex in solution demonstrated dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect by decreasing the viability of pancreatic, melanoma, and lung cell lines (they all express CD44). At the same concentration in solution, the complex was as effective as cisPt alone. However, when applied as film to melanoma spheroids (3D model), the complex was superior because it prevented the tumor spheroid growth and, more importantly, the formation of new cell colonies. Hence, cisPt/NaHA complex could work in preventing metastases loco-regionally and potentially avoiding systemic relapses.
Keywords: CD44 receptor; chemotherapy; cisplatin; coordination complex; drug delivery system; hyaluronan; loco-regional therapy; melanoma; pleural mesothelioma.