The surface modification of biologically active factors on tissue-engineering vascular scaffold fails to fulfill the mechanical property and bioactive compounds' sustained release in vivo and results in the inhibition of tissue regeneration of small-diameter vascular grafts in vascular replacement therapies. In this study, biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was applied for scaffold preparation, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PG) hydrogel was used to load heparin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In vitro analysis demonstrated that the PCL scaffold could inhibit the heparin release from the PG hydrogel, and the PG hydrogel could inhibit heparin release during the process of PCL degradation. Finally, it results in sustained release of HGF and heparin from the PCL-PG-HGF scaffold. The mechanical property of this hybrid scaffold improved after being coated with the PG hydrogel. In addition, the PCL-PG-HGF scaffold illustrated no inflammatory lesions, organ damage, or biological toxicity in all primary organs, with rapid organization of the endothelial cell layer, smooth muscle regeneration, and extracellular matrix formation. These results indicated that the PCL-PG-HGF scaffold is biocompatible and provides a microenvironment in which a tissue-engineered vascular graft with anticoagulant properties allows regeneration of vascular tissue (Scheme 1). Such findings confirm the feasibility of creating hydrogel scaffolds coated with bioactive factors to prepare novel vascular grafts.
Keywords: hepatocyte growth factor; poly(ethylene glycol); poly(ε-caprolactone); surface modification; vascular regeneration.