Imaging of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Abstract

PRES and RCVS are increasingly recognized due to the wider use of brain MRI and increasing clinical awareness. Imaging plays a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis and guiding clinical management for PRES and RCVS. Imaging also has a pivotal role in determining the temporal progression of these entities, detecting complications, and predicting prognosis. In this review, we aim to describe PRES and RCVS, discuss their possible pathophysiological mechanisms, and discuss imaging methods that are useful in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients.

Keywords: Brain; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Neuroimaging; Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES); Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS); Seizure; Vasculitis; Vessel wall imaging.