Assessing the Maximal Mechanical Capacities Through the Load-Velocity Relationship in Elite Versus Junior Male Volleyball Players

Andrés Baena-Raya; David M Díez-Fernández; Antonio García-de-Alcaraz; Alberto Soriano-Maldonado; Alejandro Pérez-Castilla; Manuel A Rodríguez-Pérez

doi:10.1177/19417381231208706

Assessing the Maximal Mechanical Capacities Through the Load-Velocity Relationship in Elite Versus Junior Male Volleyball Players

Sports Health. 2023 Nov 10:19417381231208706. doi: 10.1177/19417381231208706. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Andrés Baena-Raya^{1

2}, David M Díez-Fernández^{1

2}, Antonio García-de-Alcaraz^{1

2}, Alberto Soriano-Maldonado^{1

2}, Alejandro Pérez-Castilla^{1

2}, Manuel A Rodríguez-Pérez^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
² SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CIBIS (Centro de Investigación para el Bienestar y la Inclusión Social) Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.

PMID: 37950435
DOI: 10.1177/19417381231208706

Abstract

Background: Physical testing is crucial for athlete monitoring, talent identification, optimizing training, and tailoring programs to enhance game-performance in elite competitions.

Hypothesis: Load-velocity (L-V) relationship variables discriminate between elite and junior volleyball players, correlate with volleyball-specific performance, and are generalizable across lower- and upper-body exercises.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Level of evidence: Level 3.

Methods: A total of 9 elite and 11 junior volleyball players were assessed for the L-V relationship (load-axis intercept [L₀], velocity-axis intercept [v₀], and area under the L-V relationship line [A_line]) during the countermovement jump (CMJ) and bench press throw (BPT) exercises. Block and spike jump height, as well as standing and jumping spike speed were assessed 24 hours later.

Results: Elite players presented greater magnitude in the L-V variables (P ≤ 0.03; effect size [ES] ≥ 1.06) and higher volleyball-specific performance (P ≤ 0.03; ES ≥ 1.09) than juniors (except for CMJ v₀ and A_line). The L-V relationship variables were significantly associated with the block and spike jump height and jumping spike speed only in elite players (r ≥ 0.703 and P ≤ 0.04 in 11 out of 18 correlations). No significant associations were observed between CMJ and BPT for any L-V relationship variable (r ≤ 581; P ≥ 0.08, except for A_line in junior players).

Conclusion: The L-V relationship is a practical procedure to assess volleyball players' maximal mechanical capacities, which are associated with volleyball-specific performance in elite players. However, these data should not be used interchangeably between playing standards or exercises.

Clinical relevance: This information might help strength and conditioning coaches to prescribe more effective training programs that focus on developing the specific physical capacities necessary for players to potentially advance to elite status.

Keywords: age-group; assessment; performance; resistance training; strength; team sports.