Safety and efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Cancer survivors are at increased risk for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation (CA) in this population remain limited. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes after CA for AF in patients with versus without prior or active cancer.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception to April 2023 for studies comparing the safety and efficacy of CA for AF in cancer survivors. Outcomes of interest were bleeding events, late AF recurrence, and need for repeat ablation. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1. We pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for binary endpoints.

Results: We included 5 retrospective cohort studies comprising 998 patients, of whom 41.4% had a history of cancer. Cancer survivors were at significantly higher risk of clinically relevant bleeding (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.17-4.0; p=0.01) as compared with those without cancer. The efficacy of CA for AF was similar between groups. Late AF recurrence at 12 months was not significantly different between patients with vs. without a history of cancer (OR 1.29; 95% CI 0.78-2.13; p=0.32). Similar findings were observed in the outcome of repeat ablations (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.37-1.37; p=0.31).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that cancer survivors have an increased risk of bleeding after CA for AF relative to patients without cancer, with no significant difference in the efficacy of CA for maintenance of sinus rhythm between groups.

Study registration: This systematic review is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number CRD42023394538.

Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Cancer; Cardio-oncology; Catheter ablation; Cryoablation; Radiofrequency ablation.