The Association between Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Urologic Cancers: A Meta-analysis

Ya-Nan Dai; Evan Yi-Wen Yu; Maurice P Zeegers; Anke Wesselius

doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.012

The Association between Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Urologic Cancers: A Meta-analysis

Adv Nutr. 2024 Jan;15(1):100124. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.012. Epub 2023 Nov 3.

Authors

Ya-Nan Dai¹, Evan Yi-Wen Yu², Maurice P Zeegers¹, Anke Wesselius³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
² Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
³ Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: anke.wesselius@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

Abstract

A meta-analysis published in 2018 indicated a significant association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of urologic cancers (UC). The number of included studies was limited, and more research has been published on this topic since then. The current study aimed to find a more precise estimate of the association between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of UC by updating the previous meta-analysis. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched between January 2015 and April 2023 to identify eligible articles. Combined relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by random-effects model to assess the association between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of UC by comparison of the highest versus the lowest category of the DII/empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) or by using the continuous DII/EDIP score. The analysis, including 23 studies with 557,576 subjects, showed different results for UC. There was a significant association for prostate cancer among case-control studies (RR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.34-2.28), whereas among cohort studies a null association was found (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.96-1.08). For bladder cancer, a nonsignificant association was observed in both case-control (RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.95-2.64) and cohort studies (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.86-1.24). Pooled RR from 3 case-control studies displayed a statistically significant association between the DII and risk of kidney cancer (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.56). Although DII was positively associated with all types of UC, no association was found for EDIP. The present meta-analysis confirmed that an inflammatory diet has a direct effect on the development of prostate cancer and kidney cancer. Large-scale studies are needed to demonstrate the association between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of UC and provide effective nutritional advice for UC prevention. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023391204).

Keywords: diet; inflammation; meta-analysis; prostatic neoplasms; urologic neoplasms.

Publication types

Meta-Analysis
Review

MeSH terms

Diet / adverse effects
Humans
Inflammation / complications
Kidney Neoplasms* / complications
Kidney Neoplasms* / etiology
Male
Prostatic Neoplasms* / epidemiology
Prostatic Neoplasms* / etiology
Risk Factors
Systematic Reviews as Topic
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* / epidemiology
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* / etiology