Assessment of the Dimensions of Coronary Arteries for the Manifestation of Coronary Artery Disease

Muhammad Muneeb; Nasia Nuzhat; Attaullah Khan Niazi; Ammar H Khan; Zanib Chatha; Tahseen Kazmi; Saira Farhat

doi:10.7759/cureus.46606

Assessment of the Dimensions of Coronary Arteries for the Manifestation of Coronary Artery Disease

Cureus. 2023 Oct 6;15(10):e46606. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46606. eCollection 2023 Oct.

Authors

Muhammad Muneeb¹, Nasia Nuzhat², Attaullah Khan Niazi³, Ammar H Khan⁴, Zanib Chatha¹, Tahseen Kazmi⁵, Saira Farhat⁵

Affiliations

¹ Interventional Cardiology, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK.
² Applied Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, PAK.
³ Cardiac Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK.
⁴ Cardiovascular Surgery, Imran Idrees Hospital, Sialkot, PAK.
⁵ Community Medicine, Central Park Medical College, Lahore, PAK.

Abstract

Introduction: The size of the coronary artery influences the effective outcome of therapeutic measures like coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Patients' age, gender, BMI, anatomical variations, and increased left ventricular size all have an effect on coronary artery parameters.

Objective: This study aims to compare the average size of the coronary arteries of the Pakistani population in both sexes for manifestation of coronary artery disease.

Methodology: For the analysis of the coronary arteries, 100 patients of both sexes, male and female, were taken. X-ray angiography was performed for two-dimensional images of coronary arteries. For diameter measurement, images were visualized on quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) in different views (caudal and cranial views). The diameters of the left main coronary artery (left main stem/LMS), left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCx), and right coronary artery (RCA) were measured on angiograms. Data about the dimensions of the coronary artery was gathered through quantitative angiography. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).

Results: There is a notable distinction in the average diameters among the proximal LAD (3.12), mid-LAD (2.40), and distal LAD (1.29). A statistically significant difference is evident among mid-LCx, distal LCx, and proximal LCx (p-value < 0.001). Likewise, the average diameter of the distal RCA (1.89) was smaller when compared to the mid-RCA (3.19) and proximal RCA (3.78). However, there was no significant difference in the average diameter among mid-LMS, distal LMS, and proximal LMS (p-value = 0.09).

Conclusion: The average diameter of distal RCA was smaller when compared to mid-RCA and proximal RCA. The average size of proximal LAD and proximal LCx was comparatively larger than mid- and distal LAD and LCx. The findings of current research will be beneficial for the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease patients.

Keywords: coronary artery diameter; left anterior descending; left circumflex artery; left main stem; right coronary artery.