Voltammetric nano-molar range quantification of agrochemical pesticide using needle-like strontium pyrophosphate embedded on sulfur doped graphitic carbon nitride electrocatalyst

Chandran Bhuvaneswari; Ramasamy Shanmugam; Arumugam Elangovan; Ponnaiah Sathish Kumar; Chandrasekaran Sharmila; Karuppaiah Sudha; Ganesan Arivazhagan; Palaniappan Subramanian

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137874

Voltammetric nano-molar range quantification of agrochemical pesticide using needle-like strontium pyrophosphate embedded on sulfur doped graphitic carbon nitride electrocatalyst

Food Chem. 2024 Mar 30;437(Pt 1):137874. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137874. Epub 2023 Oct 31.

Authors

Chandran Bhuvaneswari¹, Ramasamy Shanmugam², Arumugam Elangovan³, Ponnaiah Sathish Kumar⁴, Chandrasekaran Sharmila¹, Karuppaiah Sudha¹, Ganesan Arivazhagan⁵, Palaniappan Subramanian⁶

Affiliations

¹ PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai-09, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 21, Tamil Nadu, India.
² Computational Insights and Sustainable Research Laboratory (CISRL), CO2 Research and Green Technologies Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
³ PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai-09, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 21, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: arumugam.elangovan@gmail.com.
⁴ PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai-09, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 21, Tamil Nadu, India; Magnetics Initiative Life Care Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
⁵ PG & Research Department of Physics, Thiagarajar College, Madurai-09, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 21, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁶ New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni, 8/2732 301 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic.

PMID: 37926033
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137874

Abstract

The development of a viable sensor for agrochemical pesticides requires the assessment of trace levels. To achieve this, we developed a diphenylamine (DPA) sensor using needle-like strontium pyrophosphate embedded in sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (SrPO/SCN). We obtained needle-like SrPO/SCN nanocomposite through co-precipitation followed by ultrasonication. The formation of the SrPO/SCN nanocomposite was verified through FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM-EDX, and HR-TEM analyses. Additionally, we explored their electrochemical behavior towards DPA using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The SrPO/SCN nanocomposite-modified electrode exhibited a higher anodic peak current (15.47 µA) than those of the other modified and unmodified electrodes. Under optimal experimental conditions, SrPO/SCN/GCE demonstrated a good limit of detection (0.009 µmol/L), dynamic linear range (0.05-98 µmol/L), and sensitivity (0.36 µAµM^-1cm^-2). Furthermore, the developed sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, selectivity, and stability, and successfully detected DPA in real samples, including pear and apple samples, with good recoveries.

Keywords: Diphenylamine; Electrochemical sensor; Metal Pyrophosphate; Nanocomposite; Real-time analysis.

MeSH terms

Agrochemicals
Carbon
Diphosphates
Electrochemical Techniques
Electrodes
Pesticides*
Reproducibility of Results
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Sulfur

Substances

graphitic carbon nitride
Pesticides
Agrochemicals
Diphosphates
Sulfur
Carbon