c-Myc uses Cul4b to preserve genome integrity and promote antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity

Abstract

During infection, virus-specific CD8⁺ T cells undergo rapid bursts of proliferation and differentiate into effector cells that kill virus-infected cells and reduce viral load. This rapid clonal expansion can put T cells at significant risk for replication-induced DNA damage. Here, we find that c-Myc links CD8⁺ T cell expansion to DNA damage response pathways though the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Cullin 4b (Cul4b). Following activation, c-Myc increases the levels of Cul4b and other members of the Cullin RING Ligase 4 (CRL4) complex. Despite expressing c-Myc at high levels, Cul4b-deficient CD8⁺ T cells do not expand and clear the Armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in vivo. Cul4b-deficient CD8⁺ T cells accrue DNA damage and succumb to proliferative catastrophe early after antigen encounter. Mechanistically, Cul4b knockout induces an accumulation of p21 and Cyclin E2, resulting in replication stress. Our data show that c-Myc supports cell proliferation by maintaining genome stability via Cul4b, thereby directly coupling these two interdependent pathways. These data clarify how CD8⁺ T cells use c-Myc and Cul4b to sustain their potential for extraordinary population expansion, longevity and antiviral responses.